Archive for February, 2009

Thank God for Slide Rules

Sunday, February 22nd, 2009
K&E slide rule with cursor.

K&E slide rule with cursor.

Calculators are wonderful, especially if precision or speed are important. Most days I use mine two or three times at the least. I have no doubt that it saves me from much embarrassment, perhaps even jail, given that I’ve always been prone to silly arithmetical errors: the kind that without a calculator could lead to bounced checks and over-billed hours. Math in any shape never came easy to me. Useful as the calculator is, however, I have a special feeling for the slide rule that lies idle in a pigeon-hole in front of me.

Thank God for slide rules.

As I say, math did not come naturally to me. I could have accepted that fact and gone on to more congenial topics except for one thing: science fascinated me. And science requires math.

So I took high school algebra twice, although I passed it the first time. Passing isn’t understanding, and I wanted to understand.

In spite of the Ds I racked up, I continued to take math courses in college. Did someone inoculate me against math at birth? It just wouldn’t take with me.

Until slide rule class.

Early in slide rule, our teacher assigned us about a zillion simple equations of the a x b = c type. Again and again I lined a mark up on the top and read an answer on the bottom. A light went on.

I had always known theoretically that the expression on the left of the equal sign is supposed to equal the expression on the right. It’s one of the first things algebra teaches you. But now I knew it.

Richard Feynman had nothing to fear from me; but my math grades shot up.

Fortunately for me, popular ownership of calculators was still a few years off. If I’d owned one of the handy little devices then, I’d probably never have obtained the understanding that allows me to write php code or appreciate the elegance of equations such as Euler’s identity. I would be lost in a world in which mathematics is a major language revealing the mind of the creator.

The Foundation and Science

Sunday, February 15th, 2009

 

Nova remnant in the Z Camelopardalis double star system. Image courtesy of NASA/JPL-Caltech.

Nova remnant in the Z Camelopardalis double star system. Image courtesy of NASA/JPL-Caltech.

One of the top-ten all time great Sci-Fi books on almost any list is Isaac Asimov’s Foundation Trilogy. As a story it is superb. As science, well…

Asimov has swarms of humanity living in star-crowded regions of space where, to put it mildly, earth-like planets, and therefore life, would be highly unlikely. While reading (and re-reading) the Foundation series, the thought of excess radiation in galactic centers used to gnaw at the back of my mind, making it hard for me to suspend disbelief as completely as I could wish.

Today, many other obstacles to an Asimovian cosmos suggest themselves: the dustiness of the central galactic areas, the likelihood of perturbation of planetary orbits in so crowded a region (almost guaranteed to abort the formation of an earth-like planet), and above all the greedy black holes at galactic centers.

All told, it is highly improbable life would flourish in the busy centers of galaxies.

Since carbon is the sole element suitable to base life on (silicon, the only other candidate, doesn’t inspire much enthusiasm), we can safely say higher life forms will probably need an environment hospitable to carbon-based life—in other words, an earth-like planet.

A few years ago, for a school project (which, unfortunately I have misplaced), I made some conservative calculations of the chance of there being another earth-like planet in our galaxy. I began by eliminating from consideration all stars in multiple star systems (or in densely populated regions which would likely disrupt the stable planetary orbit needed for the survival of higher forms of life). This left me with less than half the starting population of stars, since binaries and other multiples make up the majority of stars we see. I then applied other factors.

At that time, about 100 extra-solar planets had been discovered. Because of eccentric orbits, star types, and masses, not one could conceivably support life as we know it. I took this to be characteristic of the galaxy as a whole, and estimated conservatively that perhaps one star in 50 might have a rocky planet with the carbon and trace elements necessary for life. We have now found almost 350 extra-solar planets and still not found a truly earth-like one.

privileged planetThis still left a huge pool of stars which could conceivably possess earth-like planets. But when I began to demand other essentials of life—water, for instance—the number dwindled. In the end, I decided I’d be surprised if there were another planet like good ol’ earth in our galaxy. The DVD Privileged Planet takes just a few necessities of life and leaves us looking at odds of one in 100 trillion. Since there are under 250 billion stars in our galaxy, those odds are pretty steep. They are also too conservative. Hugh Ross of Reasons to Believe has assembled a list of over one hundred essentials for higher life, which, if factored out, would make the chances of another earth-like planet infinitismal. The earth is such a special place that its development by a superior power seems almost proven.

So while the Foundation Trilogy makes a great yarn, one which I will almost certainly re-read yet again, Sci-Fi writers today need to readjust their premisses.

Keynote

Thursday, February 5th, 2009

Donatello sculpture representing the prophet Habakkuk

Donatello sculpture representing the prophet Habakkuk


The Knowledge of the Glory. What an odd name for a blog that is mostly about science and science-fiction.

It has a good basis, though.

Imagine a world in which everyone glorifies God.

Astronomers would show truthfully what they are learning—that God has made the earth a special and unique place designed for life. Biologists would praise God for the mounting evidence of the brilliant design of that life. Every other science and endeavor would seek to honor God with its discoveries.

Such a world is coming.

The prophecy that points to it is two and a half millennia old. “For the earth shall be filled with the knowledge of the glory of the Lord,” predicted a prophet in Israel (Habakkuk 2:14).

For years I have dreamed of helping to fulfill that prophecy. I have written books, articles, and poems with it in mind. This blog, The Knowledge of the Glory, is my latest effort to participate in that visionary quest.