Archive for the ‘Anthropology’ Category

Violent Entertainment

Sunday, October 4th, 2009

Isaiah, one of the prophets who spoke against violence.

Isaiah, one of the prophets who spoke against violence.

A repeated lament of Old Testament prophets such as Isaiah, Jeremiah, and Ezekiel was that violence was being done in Israel and Judah. The New Testament also rebukes violence.

Not just doing violence but being entertained by it is dangerous. The Universities of Michigan and Iowa State undertook studies which showed that violent media numb viewers to the suffering of others.

Different studies were conducted by Brad Bushman and Craig Anderson. They demonstrated that exposure to violence in media and in video games makes people slower to respond to others who are being attacked, and to downplay the seriousness of violent actions such as fights.

In a backhanded way these findings endorse the wisdom of David, another Bible writer, who, in one of his psalms, vowed to put no evil thing before his eyes.

Seen and Unseen Part 2

Sunday, May 17th, 2009

The complex plane includes imaginary numbers, necessary to understand the full range of physical reality.

The complex plane includes imaginary numbers, necessary to understand the full range of physical reality.

If you have seen the movie The Final Season, you know that it is based on the true story of the Norway, Iowa baseball team. This little town of 500 consistently produced champions who defeated far larger schools. History is replete with examples of underlings whose invisible, immeasurable determination beat the odds to triumph over foes far superior on paper. The spiritual trumps the physical; the unseen trumps the seen.

In an earlier post, titled Seen and Unseen, I promised to develop a second line of evidence that the universe was created out of nothing we can see—but not out of nothing altogether. I argued that it was made out of the spiritual.

Team spirit, such as that of Norway, Iowa, makes my point. Something which cannot be seen or measured proves more important to victory than size or numbers.

We see an analogy to this in mathematics. Imaginary numbers are a relatively late development. They do not represent physical items such as stones or loaves of bread that we can actually pick up and handle, add to or take away from. Nonetheless, these “imaginary” entities prove to be absolutely crucial to representing the full range of physical reality.

Let us move beyond mathematics to the greatest figure in history. Jesus is an example of a man who possessed none of the visible trappings which are generally considered requisites for success, and yet on the strength of invisible characteristics, such as love, faith, determination and bravery he made an impact which has steadily widened over two thousand years.

Likewise, the history of Joan of Arc absolutely defies any literally materialistic explanation.

If the Bible’s thesis is correct, the master/servant relationship between spiritual and physical is not surprising, for those things which can be seen were made out of those which cannot be seen: the physical out of the spiritual. Because it is more ultimate, the spiritual can trump the physical.

It seems that the things that cannot be seen are sometimes more real than those that can.

Religion: Evolving or Devolving?

Sunday, May 3rd, 2009

New Hebrides idol.

New Hebrides idol.

How did people come to worship the earth, make sexually promiscuous acts into religious obligations, sacrifice infants for advantage, assign kings divine rights, impose irrational taboos, bow to idols, and so forth? According to dominant social theory, these things were the normal response of primitive peoples to a world they did not understand. As knowledge increased, primitive religions became more rational, evolving into higher religions, and becoming monotheist in their highest forms.

According to the Bible, just the opposite happened. Mankind abandoned an original, pure knowledge of God and adopted vile and destructive religious caricatures in its place. In the Bible view, primitive religions are actually decadent religions.

Which view does the evidence support?

This year’s growing hype over Earth Day festivities, verging at times on Earth-worship, are but one piece of evidence suggesting that the Judeo-Christian consensus which dominated the western world for centuries is fast eroding. Not only is the Earth being elevated to goddess status in the popular imagination, but there has been a growing veneration and protection of pornographic expression and a tendency to vilify anyone who does not embrace sexual promiscuity as a socio-religious obligation. To sacrifice the infant in the womb for convenience is treated as the epitome of civility. Civil rights gained at great cost in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries by religious dissenters such as Quakers and Baptists, are coming under constriction by modern governments.

In short, as Western knowledge of God has declined, a replay of the scenario described by the Bible is unfolding. Our culture is fast embracing nature worship, government as god, and other beliefs common to decadent religions.

Those who believe in following the evidence (the scientific approach), rather than a-priorism can hardly help admitting that the unfolding tendencies support the Christian view. Religious understanding in the west is not evolving but devolving.

Gambling Fever

Sunday, April 26th, 2009

megaLotteries, casinos, race tracks—gambling is all the rage in the United States. Whether driven by the lure of quick wealth, the thrill of winning and losing, or obsessive behavior, it is widespread and sucking in more and more people.

So far as I recall, the Bible only mentions gambling once—the Roman soldiers casting lots for Christ’s garments—although lots were sometimes drawn to ensure a fair outcome, as when dividing land. Although the Bible does not directly address gambling, its principles would deter a Christian from the practice.

The most important of these is the warning against covetousness, which Paul flatly calls idolatry. The Bible’s formula is work hard, give much, save steadily and build wealth. Wealth gotten hastily or through fraud dissipates. Extra money isn’t given us to fritter, but to use for the Lord’s work or to save for a rainy day.

Scripture also teaches us to be thankful for what we have. Gambling has a greedy, addictive, disatisfied quality to it—trying to beat the odds and make a lot out of a little, which goes contrary to the Christian spirit: “…clothe yourselves with the Lord Jesus Christ, and make no provision for gratifying your earthly cravings.” (Romans 13:14).

Studies vindicate the Christian position. The latest volume in the United States International Gambling Report Series is titled Gambling With National Security, Terrorism and Military Readiness. Casinos, say the authors, siphon money from the consumer economy (which supports the military) and directly undermine national security, as for instance when gambling is used to divert money to terrorists, or when military personnel become so hooked on the practice that they no longer have the edge of preparedness they need.

Not surprisingly, thousands of pages of studies show that gambling destabilizes and corrupts not only military but financial and governmental institutions. Once again the Biblical position is found to concur with reality.

Vindictive People

Sunday, March 29th, 2009

Germany

Germany

A fascinating study out of Germany last week showed that vindictive people, those who retaliate because of perceived wrongs, whether real or imagined, lead unhappier lives. They are more likely than others to engage in acts of sabotage or to refuse to work if aggrieved. They have fewer friends and are more likely to lose their jobs than people who respond positively to the good things done to them.

The research was based on an annual economic survey made by the German Institute for economic Research and the results reported in the Economic Journal. Essentially the researchers found that tit-for-tat behavior (they call it “reciprocity”) is widespread in Germany. But people who respond with good for good tend to earn more and to have more friends and greater happiness than people who respond with bad for bad.

Imagine that! It is almost biblical in its moral implications.

Almost.

The Torah does speak of an eye for an eye, but this seems intended to limit vengeance, for Moses also issued the command, “Vengeance is mine says the Lord, I will repay.” Elsewhere, as in the story of Joseph, we are shown forgiveness in action. And there are instructions to love our neighbor as ourself, to overlook offenses, and the like.

The New Testament gives an even better formula for happiness. Not merely are we to forgive wrongs, but to do good to our enemies. We are to love our enemies as God loved us when we were his enemy. As Jesus phrased it, “If you do good only to those who do good to you, you are no better than the tax collectors.”

Tie a Knot Blindfolded

Sunday, March 22nd, 2009

A lot goes into tying a knot behind one's back.

A lot goes into tying a knot behind one's back.

A few weeks back my wife was modeling a new outfit she had bought. As she slipped on its vest, I realized it had belt-like strips that had to be tied behind. I expected her to turn to me and ask me to tie them for her, but instead, she reached back and, without being able to see what she was doing, knotted the strings herself.

That incident, seemingly so insignificant, struck me forcibly. What incredible abilities we have! Think of all the bones and muscles, nerves and mental imagery that have to coordinate together flawlessly to make possible the feat of tying a shoestring knot behind your back.

Am I supposed to believe this came about by chance? It took enormous ingenuity to devise a system to tie baling string in a combine. Can I believe that the ability of my wife to tie a bow behind her back was any less the product of a master designer?